150 experimental candidates

These are a feasibility shortlist from 1,500 individually composed proposals. The ranking is an ordinal planning aid, not an estimated probability of truth. Exact scientific novelty remains unresolved. Each candidate received an exploratory web search; returned publication titles are research leads, not proof of the proposed effect.

001. N0036

Hypothesis: A freely suspended porous disk could rotate under a uniform concentration change through unequal surface swelling.

Test: Record rotation with symmetric-porosity controls.

Against: Motion follows residual fluid currents.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Tracking large solid constructs suspended in a rotating bioreactor: A combined experimental and theoretical study.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19701926/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Dissolution at porous interfaces II. A study of pore effects through rotating disc experiments - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378517383901023) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Unidirectional motion of a camphor disk on water forced by interactions between surface camphor concentration and dynamically changing boundaries.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28696478/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

002. N0076

Hypothesis: A granular bed could become acoustically quieter just before a localized collapse as contacts synchronize temporarily.

Test: Record sound and force networks during slow loading.

Against: No reproducible quiet precursor precedes collapse.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Subharmonics and noise excitation in transmission of acoustic wave through unconsolidated granular medium - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0375960104005249) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Review of granular material damping and sound absorption for possible application in the sound insulation of lightweight floors - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110881) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [PHYSICAL REVIEW E 89, 052204 (2014)](https://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.052204) — unadjudicated literature lead.

003. N0092

Hypothesis: A salt crystal's crack could close chemically faster when fluid supply arrives perpendicular to the crack plane.

Test: Measure closure and delivered solute under rotated flow.

Against: Closure depends only on total solute supply.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Crack healing in rocksalt via diffusion in adsorbed aqueous films: Microphysical modelling versus experiments - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706512001234) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27493020/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The effect of fluid composition, salinity, and acidity on subcritical crack growth in calcite crystals - Bergsaker - 2016 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JB012723) — unadjudicated literature lead.

004. N0175

Hypothesis: A floating fiber mat could reject an oil analogue through capillary recoil rather than chemical repellency.

Test: Image droplet contact and recoil.

Against: Rejection requires changed surface chemistry.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Separation of Floating Oil Drops Based on Drop-Liquid Substrate Interfacial Tension - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31318559/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Multiple air-bubble enhanced oil rupture on nanostructured cellulose fabric for easy-oil cleaning fouled in a dry state](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6787182/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Centrifugal Detachment of Compound Droplets from Fibers.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33398995/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

005. N0544

Hypothesis: A porous salt crystal could reject one impurity through elastic mismatch during growth.

Test: Measure strain and impurity incorporation.

Against: Exclusion follows solubility only.

Resources: equipped laboratory; characterization may dominate feasibility.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Damage in porous media due to salt crystallization | Phys. Rev. E](https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.81.066110) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Repartitioning of NaCl and protein impurities in lysozyme crystallization - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15299643/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Colloidal hard-sphere crystal growth frustrated by large spherical impurities.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16109877/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

006. N0663

Hypothesis: A sandstone analogue could switch dominant flow routes when a nonbinding solute changes interfacial slip.

Test: Measure slip and pore-scale transport.

Against: Routing follows viscosity alone.

Resources: equipped laboratory; characterization may dominate feasibility.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [On a recent solute transport laboratory experiment involving sandstone and its modeling - Ginn - 2013 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2013WR013729) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Dynamic fluid connectivity during steady-state multiphase flow in a sandstone - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5547607/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

007. N0820

Hypothesis: A wood-derived laminate could resist moisture cycling by allowing controlled interlayer translation without delamination.

Test: Track slip and strength retention.

Against: Slip inevitably causes bond failure.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Monitoring of Beech Glued Laminated Timber and Delamination Resistance of Beech Finger-Joints in Varying Ambient Climates](https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1672) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Durability of the adhesive bond in cross-laminated northern hardwoods and softwoods - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061821020262) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Repeated humidity cycling’s effect on physical properties of three kinds of wood-based panels :: BioResources](https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/repeated-humidity-cyclings-effect-on-physical-properties-of-three-kinds-of-wood-based-panels/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

008. N0924

Hypothesis: A floating porous disk could move against a weak surface flow through asymmetric drainage recoil.

Test: Measure drainage and drift.

Against: Motion follows uncontrolled surface tension gradients.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Preventing sinking of a disk by leveraging the boundary jump phenomenon | Phys. Rev. Fluids](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/jwmb-pvyz) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Radial Flow between Porous and Solid Disks | Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division | Vol 97, No 6](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/JMCEA3.0001548) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Streaming potential near a rotating porous disk.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25111900/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

009. N1071

Hypothesis: A solar absorber could suppress salt crystallization at its optical surface through a mechanically maintained subsurface vapor gap.

Test: Measure gap and salt location.

Against: Protection requires reduced evaporation.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Spontaneous Salt-Preventing Solar-Thermal Water Evaporator with a High Evaporation Efficiency through Dual-Mode Water Transfer.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35317554/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [An experimental study on the effect of salt spray testing on the optical properties of solar selective absorber coatings produced with different manufacturing technologies | International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40095-019-0299-7) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Interfacial solar evaporation for zero liquid discharge desalination | Communications Materials](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43246-024-00544-x) — unadjudicated literature lead.

010. N1075

Hypothesis: A porous cooling wick could warn of imminent failure through increasing spatial intermittency of evaporation.

Test: Measure wetness and vapor flux.

Against: Intermittency rises only after failure.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Experimental Characterization and Server-Level Demonstration of Confined, Direct-on-Silicon Two-Phase Jet-Impingement Cooling With Additively Manufactured Porous-Wick-Assisted Phase Separation | J. Electron. Packag. | ASME Digital Collection](https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4071262) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Visualization experimental study on evaporation heat transfer characteristics of an open evaporator with a tower-like porous wick - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142727X24002145) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Evaporation heat transfer characteristic of porous wick in an open capillary evaporator - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106445) — unadjudicated literature lead.

011. N1166

Hypothesis: A granular surface could emit fewer particles after a weak pre-gust mechanically closes loose contacts.

Test: Measure contacts and emissions.

Against: Suppression requires permanent compaction.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Classification of prestrike types in vacuum interrupter eroded by inrush current based on DC dynamic gap measurement method](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12262878/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Classification of prestrike types in vacuum interrupter eroded by inrush current based on DC dynamic gap measurement method | PLOS One](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0328461) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Investigation of granular surface roughness effect on electrostatic charge generation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921883117301528) — unadjudicated literature lead.

012. N1214

Hypothesis: A dandelion-like porous disk could change descent rate through humidity-driven pore redistribution without changing total area.

Test: Measure pores and flight.

Against: Descent follows projected area only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9797189/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore | eLife](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81962) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A separated vortex ring underlies the flight of the dandelion | Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0604-2) — unadjudicated literature lead.

013. N1219

Hypothesis: A woodpecker-inspired layered cushion could protect against repeated impacts by shifting its fluid layer between events.

Test: Measure fluid and transmitted force.

Against: Protection follows longer rest only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Porous microstructure design and impact resistance of a lightweight, flexible protective composite inspired by woodpecker’s spongy cartilage - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263822326005052) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Controllable Energy Absorption Design and 3D Printing of High Energy Absorbing Biomimetic Double-Layer Impact-Resistant Structure - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amf.2025.200193) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Bioinspired Materials, Designs, and Manufacturing Strategies for Advanced Impact‐Resistant Helmets - Schlager - 2025 - Advanced Engineering Materials - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adem.202501453) — unadjudicated literature lead.

014. N1281

Hypothesis: A leaf-wax analogue could regenerate roughness after flattening through redistribution of existing molecules.

Test: Measure topography and mass balance.

Against: Recovery requires new deposition.

Resources: equipped laboratory; characterization may dominate feasibility.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Self assembly of epicuticular waxes on living plant surfaces imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM).](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14966216/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A study on the wetting properties of broccoli leaf surfaces and their time dependent self-healing after mechanical damage - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30079427/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Mechanism of self-recovery of hydrophobicity after surface damage of lotus leaf | Plant Methods | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13007-024-01174-7) — unadjudicated literature lead.

015. N1303

Hypothesis: A wax-coated fiber knot could separate adhesion from friction through unequal release under reversed sliding.

Test: Measure both loading directions.

Against: Release follows geometric asymmetry only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Slip knots and unfastening topologies enhance toughness without reducing strength of silk fibroin fibres - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4686239/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Tightening slip knots in raw and degummed silk to increase toughness without losing strength](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep18222.pdf) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Hair-on-hair static friction coefficient can be determined by tying a knot.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28903188/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

016. N1311

Hypothesis: A starch-particle suspension could separate reversible thickening from aggregation through acoustic recovery after flow stops.

Test: Measure sound and microscopy.

Against: Both processes yield identical recovery.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Lasting effects of discontinuous shear thickening in cornstarch suspensions upon flow cessation | Phys. Rev. Fluids](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.063302) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Lasting effects of discontinuous shear thickening in cornstarch suspensions upon flow cessation](https://harvest.aps.org/v2/journals/articles/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.063302/fulltext) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Lasting effects of discontinuous shear thickening in cornstarch suspensions upon flow cessation](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.01989) — unadjudicated literature lead.

017. N1312

Hypothesis: A thin aluminum-paper laminate could register maximum local wetting through permanent microcurvature without visible staining.

Test: Compare known wetting patterns.

Against: Curvature follows temperature exposure alone.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Inﬂuence of Paper Morphology on Short Term Wetting and Sorption Phenomena :: BioResources](https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/in%EF%AC%82uence-of-paper-morphology-on-short-term-wetting-and-sorption-phenomena/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Microtextured surfaces with gradient wetting properties.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21028810/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Evaporation characteristics of a hydrophilic surface with micro-scale and/or nano-scale structures fabricated by sandblasting and aluminum anodization - IOPscience](https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/4/045008) — unadjudicated literature lead.

018. N1317

Hypothesis: A clay-lined paper cup could retain heat longer after prewetting because evaporation closes conductive contacts.

Test: Measure contacts and cooling.

Against: Retention follows added heat capacity only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The influence of evaporation on the cooling small cup of hot water - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735193325010334) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Heat release at the wetting front during capillary filling of cellulosic micro-substrates.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28623700/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A Facile Approach to Evaluate Thermal Insulation Performance of Paper Cups - Kuang - 2015 - International Journal of Polymer Science - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2015/367962) — unadjudicated literature lead.

019. N1324

Hypothesis: A porous chalk slab could expose old wetting paths through faster uptake of a later harmless tracer.

Test: Compare known path histories.

Against: Preference follows remaining solute only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Unsaturated flow and solute transport through the Chalk: Tracer test and dual permeability modelling - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002216940700306X) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effect of Cumulative Surface on Pore Development in Chalk - Yang - 2019 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018wr023756) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Catchment scale tracer testing from karstic features in a porous limestone - NERC Open Research Archive](https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/10697/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

020. N1328

Hypothesis: A moist paper stack could reduce pressure peaks by moving vapor between sheets during compression.

Test: Measure vapor and force.

Against: Damping requires liquid squeezing only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Response of moist paperboard during rapid compression and heating - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0307904X1630539X) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Parallel Diffusion of Moisture in Paper. Part 1:  Steady-State Conditions | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/iecred/article/42/25/6582/3784271/Parallel-Diffusion-of-Moisture-in-Paper-Part-1) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Fundamentals of Papermaking](https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1989.2.679.pdf) — unadjudicated literature lead.

021. N1333

Hypothesis: A porous wick could release a dissolved probe in periodic bursts when its supply reservoir is held at constant level.

Test: Measure fronts and outlet composition.

Against: Bursts reflect reservoir fluctuations.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Evaporation heat transfer characteristic of porous wick in an open capillary evaporator - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106445) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Predicting wicking dynamics of Newtonian liquid droplet in paper channels.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42710101/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

022. N1335

Hypothesis: A smooth rubber sheet could shed inert powder through recoil from a localized water droplet.

Test: Measure particles and sheet motion.

Against: Removal requires water contact with powder.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The mechanism of a splash on a dry solid surface | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/mechanism-of-a-splash-on-a-dry-solid-surface/9D8694016228F445D9EEA10295B2C65B) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in an ultrathin air film causes drop splashing on smooth surfaces - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4371919/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Droplet impact on a dry surface: triggering the splash with a small obstacle | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/droplet-impact-on-a-dry-surface-triggering-the-splash-with-a-small-obstacle/6735000EEFC8F93519EFA476260C5399) — unadjudicated literature lead.

023. N1337

Hypothesis: A capillary tube bundle could smooth concentration fluctuations without equally smoothing flow pulses.

Test: Measure both signals.

Against: Both smoothing times remain identical.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Mixing and dispersion in a baffled tube for steady laminar and pulsatile flow - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000925099185017R) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The attenuation of concentration fluctuations in turbulent flow through a tube - Massman - 1991 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/91JD01514) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6101062/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

024. N1339

Hypothesis: A porous plaster block could become more resistant to wet abrasion after a controlled redistribution of fine crystals.

Test: Measure surface structure and wear.

Against: Resistance requires higher bulk density.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Microstructure of renovation plasters and their resistance to salt - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950061818314570) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental study on salt crystallization in plasters subjected to simulate groundwater capillary rise - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950061821027847) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8156439/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

025. N1342

Hypothesis: A thin foam sheet could report where it was previously bent through local differences in rewetting speed.

Test: Compare uptake maps after shape recovery.

Against: Differences require permanent cracks.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Finite Element Analysis of Paper Cockling :: BioResources](https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/finite-element-analysis-of-paper-cockling/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Manufacture and characterisation of thin flat and curved auxetic foam sheets - Alderson - 2012 - physica status solidi (b) - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pssb.201084215) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Density development in foam forming: wet pressing dynamics](https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fnpprj-2018-3031) — unadjudicated literature lead.

026. N1347

Hypothesis: A porous disk could keep a droplet centered during evaporation through a dynamically moving wetting boundary.

Test: Track droplet and wet regions.

Against: Centering requires fixed chemical patterns.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Evaporation from thin porous Coatings: Pore size effects and predictive equation for homogeneous coatings.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39298989/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Coupled Imbibition and Evaporation of Droplets Deposited on a Nanoporous Layer.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41481302/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Spreading of liquid drops over dry porous layers: complete wetting case.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16290805/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

027. N1350

Hypothesis: A paper-based separation strip could improve band uniformity when its support is allowed to slide freely during wetting.

Test: Measure stress and bands.

Against: Benefits follow changed solvent delivery only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics‡](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8311897/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Enhanced passive mixing for paper microfluidics - RSC Advances (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D1RA04916J](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/ra/d1ra04916j) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Influence of Geometry and Surrounding Conditions on Fluid Flow in Paper-Based Devices - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6190155/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

028. N1355

Hypothesis: A folded waxed-paper container could prevent droplet escape by absorbing impulse in reversible crease motion.

Test: Measure deformation and leakage.

Against: Protection follows increased wall height only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [21010 Liquid Behavior in Liquid Food Containers under Impact Drop](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmekanto/2014.20/0/2014.20__21010-1_/_article/-char/en) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A Battery‐Free Low‐Cost Paper‐Based Microfluidic Actuator - Kwan - 2024 - Advanced Engineering Materials - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adem.202301558) — unadjudicated literature lead.

029. N1361

Hypothesis: A sand column could release fewer fine particles after a brief gas pulse creates temporary capillary anchoring.

Test: Measure fines and liquid bridges.

Against: Suppression requires permanent compaction.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [A laboratory study of sediment and contaminant release during gas ebullition.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17912929/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Ebullition-facilitated mobilization of trapped dense non-aqueous phase liquid at residual saturation from sandy sediments - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35660826/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Pressure Jumps during Drainage in Macroporous Soils - Soto - 2017 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2136/vzj2017.04.0088) — unadjudicated literature lead.

030. N1366

Hypothesis: A paper wick could avoid permanent staining by directing solute toward removable terminal branches.

Test: Measure mass balance and spatial deposits.

Against: Cleaning requires lower solute loading.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Brown Stain formed on Wet Cellulose | Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/1791141a0) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Full article: Rigid Solvent-Gels in Paper Conservation: A New Approach to Sticky Problems](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18680860.2024.2343671) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Liquid Wicking in a Paper Strip: An Experimental and Numerical Study | ACS Omega | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/5/36/22931/1371851/Liquid-Wicking-in-a-Paper-Strip-An-Experimental) — unadjudicated literature lead.

031. N1371

Hypothesis: A starch gel could retain an indentation's depth in its later dissolution profile after mechanical recovery.

Test: Measure dissolution and prior loading.

Against: Profiles follow remaining visible deformation only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Micromechanical Characterization of Hydrogels Undergoing Swelling and Dissolution at Alkaline pH](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6318615/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Neutral‐Condition Synthesis of Gelatin‐Enhanced Starch Hydrogels: Balancing Mechanical Integrity and Biocompatibility - Kirmic Cosgun - 2025 - Starch - Stärke - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/star.70044) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Indentation as a potential mechanical test for textural noodle quality - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260877415300868) — unadjudicated literature lead.

032. N1378

Hypothesis: A flexible fiber mat could maintain drainage during compression by rotating its main pores into the loading direction.

Test: Image pores and flux.

Against: Drainage requires lower compression.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography | Discover Applied Sciences | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-021-04172-9) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Variations in unsaturated flow with flow direction in resin transfer molding: An experimental investigation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359835X07000668) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Poromechanics Parameters of Fluid-Saturated Chemically Active Fibrous Media Derived from a Micromechanical Approach | Journal of Nanomechanics and Micromechanics | Vol 3, No 4](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%29NM.2153-5477.0000069) — unadjudicated literature lead.

033. N1381

Hypothesis: A wet wooden veneer could dissipate torsion more effectively when a moisture gradient crosses rather than follows the grain.

Test: Measure damping and moisture.

Against: Differences follow average stiffness only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Moisture-induced stresses perpendicular to grain in cross-sections of timber members exposed to different climates - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029611002549) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Dynamic Bending of an Oak Board Due to a Moisture Content Gradient | Proceedings | Vol , No](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/9780784480779.047) — unadjudicated literature lead.

034. N1384

Hypothesis: A clay-paper composite could retain permeability after drying by distributing shrinkage into many harmless microscopic folds.

Test: Image folds and transport.

Against: Preservation requires larger cracks.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Application of paper sludge and clay in manufacture of composite materials: Properties and biological susceptibility - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235271022200016X) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental characterization of shrinkage and desiccation cracking in thin clay layer - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169131711000536) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Variation of drying rate for structural tuning of cellulose nanofibril-clay composite films: Implications for mechanical and barrier performance.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41679844/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

035. N1389

Hypothesis: A paper coil could measure cumulative drying through irreversible turn-to-turn slip while remaining insensitive to mechanical shaking.

Test: Apply controlled histories.

Against: Shaking changes the same record.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Elasto-plastic approach for paper cockling phenomenon: On the importance of moisture gradient - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020768308000875) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Micro-mechanical modeling of irreversible hygroscopic strain in paper sheets exposed to moisture cycles - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020768321001025) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Creep, stick-slip, and dry-friction dynamics: Experiments and a heuristic model | Phys. Rev. E](https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.49.4973) — unadjudicated literature lead.

036. N1422

Hypothesis: A cotton-thread junction could retain a solute-rich droplet while passing cleaner liquid through another branch.

Test: Measure branch composition.

Against: Separation follows flow partition only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Pico-washing: simultaneous liquid addition and removal for continuous-flow washing of microdroplets | Microsystems & Nanoengineering](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41378-022-00381-3) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Pico-washing: simultaneous liquid addition and removal for continuous-flow washing of microdroplets](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9050730/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Droplet Formation by Dripping at Micro T-Junction in Liquid-Liquid Mixing | ICNMM | ASME Digital Collection](https://doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30398) — unadjudicated literature lead.

037. N1430

Hypothesis: A granular surface could retain a weak chemical pattern longer when particles can rotate but cannot translate.

Test: Track pattern decay.

Against: Rotation accelerates homogenization instead.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Emergent stereoselective interactions and self-recognition in polar chiral active ellipsoids - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7909878/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Characterizing sliding and rolling contacts between single particles - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048270/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimentally measuring rolling and sliding in three-dimensional dense granular packings](https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.11975) — unadjudicated literature lead.

038. N1437

Hypothesis: A salt crystal suspended from a fiber could measure local evaporation anisotropy through torque rather than mass loss.

Test: Measure torque and vapor fields.

Against: Torque follows airflow drag only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Detachment mechanism and reduced evaporation of an evaporative NaCl salt crust](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9076668/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Capillary Forces Lead to Pendant Crystals at the Liquid–Air Interface of Evaporating Salt Solutions - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10734214/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Quantifying Salt Crystallization Impact on Evaporation Dynamics From Porous Surfaces - Jannesarahmadi - 2024 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GL111080) — unadjudicated literature lead.

039. N1448

Hypothesis: A capillary paper valve could preserve threshold repeatability through controlled movement of its dry boundary.

Test: Measure threshold histories.

Against: Repeatability requires replacing the paper.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Controlling Capillary-Driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Movable Valve | Analytical Chemistry | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00726) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Capillary transport in paper porous materials at low saturation levels: normal, fast or superfast? | Proceedings A | The Royal Society](https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0488) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Timer-controlled valves for automated capillary flow in paper-based microfluidic devices - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424725010957) — unadjudicated literature lead.

040. N1458

Hypothesis: A salt-bearing wick could separate concentrated and dilute pulses into different terminal branches through transient crystal growth.

Test: Measure branch composition.

Against: Selection follows fixed branch resistance only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [An exclusion distance controls the efflorescence pattern distribution on porous media during salt solution evaporation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931023002570) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Ion Transport and Precipitation Kinetics as Key Aspects of Stress Generation on Pore Walls Induced by Salt Crystallization | Phys. Rev. Lett.](https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.034502) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Infrared thermography monitoring of the NaCl crystallisation process - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350449515000791) — unadjudicated literature lead.

041. N1479

Hypothesis: A wet textile could route a thermal pulse toward the region with least remaining water.

Test: Measure heat and moisture.

Against: Routing follows solid-fiber orientation only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Full article: Melt-spun HDPE/PLA core–shell fibres: a sacrificial-shell route to capillary moisture transport in polyethylene textiles](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19397038.2026.2743213) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Wearable Cooling Textiles of Thermal Conduction and Sweat Transfer for Personal Thermal Management - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13042882/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Calibrated Heat Pulse Method for Determining Water Uptake in Cotton | Agronomy Journal](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000030004x) — unadjudicated literature lead.

042. N1486

Hypothesis: A wet sand surface could suppress localized erosion by routing capillary water toward the first moving grain.

Test: Track water and grains.

Against: Routing occurs only after bulk erosion.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Experimental evidence of lateral flow in unsaturated homogeneous isotropic sloping soil due to rainfall - Sinai - 2006 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2005WR004617) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Flow Processes in the Dry Regime: The Effect on Capillary Barrier Performance - Jansik - 2011 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2136/vzj2010.0128) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Clarification of capillary rise in dry sand - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795217302302) — unadjudicated literature lead.

043. N1494

Hypothesis: A salt crystal could measure local confinement through the ratio of mechanical to optical relaxation after a small humidity change.

Test: Compare known confinement.

Against: Ratio follows water uptake only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974634/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep30856.pdf) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Interactions of Mineral Surfaces with Water Vapor: A Method for Analyzing Surface Condensation on Halite Crystals](https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/15/5/435) — unadjudicated literature lead.

044. N1497

Hypothesis: A fiber mat could reduce transient solvent emissions by storing vapor in mechanically generated cool regions.

Test: Measure thermal maps and vapor.

Against: Buffering follows adsorption alone.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Full article: Non-electronic gas sensors from electrospun mats of liquid crystal core fibres for detecting volatile organic compounds at room temperature](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080%2F02678292.2016.1212287) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Heat transport during drop impact onto a heated wall covered with an electrospun nanofiber mat: The influence of wall superheat, impact velocity, and mat thickness](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.11755) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The temperature of fibers during air-gap wet-spinning: Cooling by convection and evaporation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0017931094901996) — unadjudicated literature lead.

045. N0603

Hypothesis: A sand dune analogue could retain wind-direction memory below its visible surface after crest reversal.

Test: Image buried tracer layers.

Against: Memory disappears when the crest reverses.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Coexistence of Two Dune Growth Mechanisms in a Landscape‐Scale Experiment - Lü - 2022 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021gl097636) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Stabilization of a straight longitudinal dune under bimodal wind with large directional variation.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32069671/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Reversing transverse dunes: Modelling of airflow switching using 3D computational fluid dynamics - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X20303071) — unadjudicated literature lead.

046. N0854

Hypothesis: A fiber mat could detect local overloading through spontaneous mechanical oscillations before irreversible set.

Test: Measure local motion and recovery.

Against: Oscillations appear only after damage.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Identification of two vibration regimes of underwater fibre optic cables by distributed acoustic sensing | Geophysical Journal International | Oxford Academic](https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad139) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Non-steady-state photo-EMF interferometer for detection of mechanical oscillations in transparent scattering objects.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32225769/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Full article: Monitoring concept for structural integration of PZT-fiber arrays in metal sheets: a numerical and experimental study](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19475411.2018.1434254) — unadjudicated literature lead.

047. N0929

Hypothesis: A liquid thread could reveal trace surfactant through the timing of satellite-droplet formation rather than breakup length.

Test: Measure trace concentration and fragments.

Against: Timing adds no independent sensitivity.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effect of Soluble Surfactants on the Kinetics of Thinning of Liquid Bridges during Drops Formation and on Size of Satellite Droplets | Langmuir | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01467) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effect of Soluble Surfactants on the Kinetics of Thinning of Liquid Bridges during Drops Formation and on Size of Satellite Droplets.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27148624/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Repeated formation of fluid threads in breakup of a surfactant-covered jet.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16486937/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

048. N1299

Hypothesis: A folded paper channel could retain a liquid front's acceleration history in its later spreading asymmetry.

Test: Compare equal-volume wetting pulses.

Against: Asymmetry follows final wet footprint only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Surface-Tension-Confined Channel with Biomimetic Microstructures for Unidirectional Liquid Spreading](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7692703/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Improved Liquid Collection on a Dual‐Asymmetric Superhydrophilic Origami](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202211596) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Capillarity-induced fold localization in film–substrate systems - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12082119/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

049. N1300

Hypothesis: A salt-coated thread could reveal local humidity variation through the spacing of spontaneous crystal jumps.

Test: Record motion and calibrated humidity.

Against: Jumps follow vibration noise only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Capillary Forces Lead to Pendant Crystals at the Liquid–Air Interface of Evaporating Salt Solutions - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10734214/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crystal growth in salt efflorescence - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022024889902340) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Salt creeping as a self-amplifying crystallization process - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7000175/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

050. N1304

Hypothesis: A thin rubber diaphragm could distinguish an attached water film from equal added solid mass through damping history.

Test: Compare controlled loads.

Against: Signals depend on total mass only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Experimental study on the added mass and damping of a disk submerged in a partially fluid-filled tank with small radial confinement - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889974614001248) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Research on the added mass of open-type one-way tensioned membrane structure in uniform flow - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610514002621) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental study on the added mass and damping of a disk submerged in a partially fluid-filled tank with small radial confinement - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0889974614001248) — unadjudicated literature lead.

051. N1315

Hypothesis: A wet textile could identify whether water entered from vapor or droplets through the spatial order of electrical connection.

Test: Measure conductivity maps.

Against: Order follows total uptake alone.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [In Situ Detection of Water Leakage for Textile-Reinforced Composites](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7699528/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Textile-Based Asymmetric Hierarchical Systems for Constant Hydrovoltaic Electricity Generation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894721048117) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Directional Liquid Transport Textiles: Performance Characterization and Application-Specific Optimization | MDPI](https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/6/3/110) — unadjudicated literature lead.

052. N1318

Hypothesis: A patterned soap film could detect ambient flow reversals through persistent asymmetric drainage.

Test: Measure thickness histories.

Against: Asymmetry disappears immediately.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Soap film drainage: theory of experiment - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009250994800669) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Self-similar and universal dynamics in drainage of mobile soap films | Phys. Rev. Fluids](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.124001) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Soap film drainage: theory of experiment - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0009250994800669) — unadjudicated literature lead.

053. N1319

Hypothesis: A foam block could distinguish repeated squeezing from prolonged squeezing through its recovered gas distribution.

Test: Image gas after matched strain dose.

Against: Distribution depends only on final density.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Microfluidic investigation of CO 2 foam flow in a heterogeneous porous medium - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D5LC00544B](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/lc/d5lc00544b) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Foam Generation Through a Single Pore with Rectangular Cross-Section: Hysteretic Behavior and Geometric Limitation of the Volume Fraction of Bubbles](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10882659/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Foam Dynamics in Limestone Carbonate Cores](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7512450/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

054. N1320

Hypothesis: A wet sand bridge could reveal incipient failure through a change in the phase of a tiny thermal pulse.

Test: Measure phase and collapse.

Against: Thermal changes follow visible damage only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Formation of a hard surface layer during drying of a heated porous media - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7046278/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Monitoring strain evolution in water-sand systems using distributed acoustic sensing for geohazard early warning - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12855991/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Monitoring strain evolution in water-sand systems using distributed acoustic sensing for geohazard early warning - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41455795/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

055. N1327

Hypothesis: A starch-coated thread could retain a mechanical load history through delayed hydration rather than visible deformation.

Test: Measure uptake after unloading.

Against: Uptake follows residual shape alone.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effect of loading history on visco-elastic potato starch gel - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927775715304039) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Squeeze flow of potato starch gel: effect of loading history on visco-elastic properties](https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.07422) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Influential Parameters of Starching Process on Mechanical Properties of Yarns Intended for Multifunctional Woven Fabrics for Thermal Protective Clothing](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/73) — unadjudicated literature lead.

056. N1344

Hypothesis: A sand bed could reveal a buried drain through the spatial timing of surface cooling after wetting.

Test: Compare cooling and known drain locations.

Against: Timing follows surface moisture alone.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Heat Transfer Visualization of the Application of a Cooling Pipe in Sand with Flowing Pore Water | Journal of Cold Regions Engineering | Vol 31, No 1](https://ascelibrary.com/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CR.1943-5495.0000115) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Thermal Conductivity of Sands under Varying Moisture and Porosity in Drainage–Wetting Cycles - Smits - 2010 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2136/vzj2009.0095) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Thermal Conductivity of Sands under Varying Moisture and Porosity in Drainage–Wetting Cycles - Smits - 2010 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2136/vzj2009.0095) — unadjudicated literature lead.

057. N1353

Hypothesis: A porous wooden cube could reveal a shallow crack through a delayed moisture echo after a brief vapor pulse.

Test: Compare known cracks.

Against: Echo follows grain direction only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Modelling and Experimental Study of Moisture Transport in Wood, Taking into Account Diffusion and the Accompanying Adsorption of Water Vapour by Cell Walls - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7793081/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Relevance of Water Vapour Transport for Water Vapour Sorption Experiments on Small Wooden Samples | Transport in Porous Media | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11242-019-01253-7) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Physical Parameters and Contrasts of Wooden Objects in Lacustrine Environment: Ground Penetrating Radar and Geoelectrics](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/10/4/146) — unadjudicated literature lead.

058. N1362

Hypothesis: A transparent soap bubble could distinguish a wall defect from a chemical patch through different approach trajectories.

Test: Calibrate independent surface changes.

Against: Trajectories cannot separate causes.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Spreading of soap bubbles on dry and wet surfaces - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32764645/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A simple experimental approach to evaluate the stability of foam bubbles using the principle of light refraction in a double cylindrical lens | AIP Advances | AIP Publishing](https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/16/8/085212/3401465/A-simple-experimental-approach-to-evaluate-the) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Improved machine-vision-based soap-bubble leak detection method - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224126005683) — unadjudicated literature lead.

059. N1364

Hypothesis: A rubber-coated particle could reveal contact aging through delayed rebound after a very small tap.

Test: Measure rebound and later adhesion.

Against: Rebound follows bulk viscoelasticity only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Drop rebound after impact: the role of the receding contact angle.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24028086/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Elastohydrodynamic rebound of spheres from coated surfaces | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/elastohydrodynamic-rebound-of-spheres-from-coated-surfaces/933D90E097075E316EBF58AA66741181) — unadjudicated literature lead.

060. N1372

Hypothesis: A porous ceramic tile could reveal thermal-contact defects through where dew first disappears during warming.

Test: Compare dew maps and known defects.

Against: Maps follow local emissivity only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Elephant‐Skin‐Inspired Porous Cementitious Tiles with Programmable Crack Networks for Passive Cooling](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13449127/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Humidity-Controlling Ceramic Bricks: Enhancing Evaporative Cooling Efficiency to Mitigate Urban Heat Island Effect](https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/8/964) — unadjudicated literature lead.

061. N1390

Hypothesis: A rubber membrane could detect dissolved gas supersaturation from the timing of microscopic blister recovery.

Test: Measure gas and blister dynamics.

Against: Timing follows surface damage only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Design and deployment of a portable membrane equilibrator for sampling aqueous dissolved gases - Loose - 2009 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008WR006969) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [ゴムOリングのブリスタ破壊の可視化評価](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/gomu/85/5/85_162/_article/-char/ja) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A Visualizing Study of Blister Initiation Behavior by Gas Decompression](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/trol/8/1/8_68/_article/-char/en) — unadjudicated literature lead.

062. N1449

Hypothesis: A mineral-coated thread could detect local acidity through directional shortening rather than uniform swelling.

Test: Measure chemistry and displacement.

Against: Motion follows salt concentration only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Knitting Thread Devices: Detecting Candida albicans Using Napkins and Tampons - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8154238/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A novel experimental system for measurement of coupled multi-physics-induced surface alteration processes in geomaterials - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEASUREMENT.2020.108211) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Micro-scale experimental investigation of the swelling anisotropy of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillaceous rock | Clay Minerals | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/clay-minerals/article/microscale-experimental-investigation-of-the-swelling-anisotropy-of-the-callovooxfordian-argillaceous-rock/777D6EDFDF4B0B018C94232A7D0D9BA1) — unadjudicated literature lead.

063. N0043

Hypothesis: A granular surface could preserve the arrival order of equal-energy impacts in its subsurface force network.

Test: Probe networks after reversed impact sequences.

Against: Networks depend only on cumulative energy.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Substrate effects from force chain dynamics in dense granular flows - Estep - 2012 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface - Wiley Online Library](https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002125) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Granular response to impact: Topology of the force networks.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29448328/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Two Approaches to Quantification of Force Networks in Particulate Systems | Journal of Engineering Mechanics | Vol 147, No 11](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29EM.1943-7889.0002003) — unadjudicated literature lead.

064. N0592

Hypothesis: A salt crystal could retain less mechanical stress when grown under a moving concentration minimum.

Test: Map strain and growth histories.

Against: Stress tracks growth speed only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974634/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27493020/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Ion Transport and Precipitation Kinetics as Key Aspects of Stress Generation on Pore Walls Induced by Salt Crystallization.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29400491/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

065. N0870

Hypothesis: A woven optical fiber mat could locate damage from the loss of reciprocal light paths.

Test: Introduce blinded cuts.

Against: Localization fails beyond simple intensity loss.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Advanced FE-based multimodal correlation analyses for the characterization of woven composite - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327024009774) — unadjudicated literature lead.

066. N1305

Hypothesis: A sand-filled tube could retain an impact's location in its later acoustic transmission pattern.

Test: Apply blinded impacts and probe sound.

Against: Patterns reveal energy but not location.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Laboratory measurements of water saturation effects on the acoustic velocity and attenuation of sand packs in the 1–20 kHz frequency range - NERC Open Research Archive](https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/538069/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Laboratory measurements of water saturation effects on the acoustic velocity and attenuation of sand packs in the 1–20 kHz frequency range - Sutiyoso - 2024 - Geophysical Prospecting - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2478.13607) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Sonic assessment of physical ageing of plastic pipes - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2022.117393) — unadjudicated literature lead.

067. N1334

Hypothesis: A paper honeycomb could maintain stiffness after local wetting by transferring compression to neighboring dry cells.

Test: Map cell forces.

Against: Retention requires reduced applied load.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Experimental Research and Numerical Analysis of the Elastic Properties of Paper Cell Cores before and after Impregnation - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32365659/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [In-plane compressive response and crushing of honeycomb - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002250969490085X) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental Research and Numerical Analysis of the Elastic Properties of Paper Cell Cores before and after Impregnation](https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/9/2058) — unadjudicated literature lead.

068. N1395

Hypothesis: A glass-fiber wick could preserve fluid routing after a local burn-free thermal shock through reversible fiber rearrangement.

Test: Map fibers and liquid paths.

Against: Routing requires unchanged original geometry.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Flow along and across glass‐fiber wicks: Testing of permeability models through experiments and simulations - Zarandi - 2018 - AIChE Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aic.16195) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Investigating liquid fronts during spontaneous imbibition of liquids in industrial wicks. Part I: Experimental studies - F. Zarandi - 2021 - AIChE Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aic.17324) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [S-XCT experimental determination of local contact angle and meniscus shape in liquid moulding of composites - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108362) — unadjudicated literature lead.

069. N1402

Hypothesis: A salt-bearing paper could preserve a pressure-pulse duration in the width of a later crystallization band.

Test: Apply equal-peak pressure pulses.

Against: Band width follows total fluid volume only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Chemo-mechanics of salt damage in stone | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5823) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Pressure induced by salt crystallization in confinement](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4974634/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental evidence of crystallization pressure inside porous media.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15783826/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

070. N1429

Hypothesis: A starch-based film could lower thermal-cycle damage by moving its most hydrated region away from a rigid attachment.

Test: Map hydration and strain.

Against: Protection follows average moisture only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Multi-scale structural changes of starch-based material during microwave and conventional heating - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813016307954) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Investigation of film Physical properties under various starch thermal treatments with emphasis on Retrogradation effects - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38964101/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [How Glycerol and Water Contents Affect the Structural and Functional Properties of Starch-Based Edible Films - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6415220/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

071. N1440

Hypothesis: A wet paper coil could encode a thermal pulse's rise time in its final turn spacing.

Test: Apply matched-energy pulses.

Against: Spacing follows peak temperature only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Thermal safety considerations for implantable micro-coil design - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37451256/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Transition between nucleate and film boiling in rapid transient heating - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0894177716303685) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Thermal safety considerations for implantable micro-coil design - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10467159/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

072. N1455

Hypothesis: A textile could retain a stable moisture gradient through mechanically isolated fiber pathways despite repeated flexing.

Test: Map pathways and hydration.

Against: Gradient vanishes after small bending.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Sweat-sensitive adaptive warm clothing - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12346341/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- ["Skin-like" fabric for personal moisture management - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32284976/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Strain-dependent wicking behavior of cotton/lycra elastic...](https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0030) — unadjudicated literature lead.

073. N0005

Hypothesis: An asymmetric snow-grain contact could pump meltwater laterally during steady solar illumination.

Test: Track meltwater under reversed contact geometry.

Against: Transport follows only gravity.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Growth of melt–freeze clusters and formation of impeding layers to water flow in snow irradiated by a sun simulator under controlled laboratory conditions | Annals of Glaciology | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/growth-of-meltfreeze-clusters-and-formation-of-impeding-layers-to-water-flow-in-snow-irradiated-by-a-sun-simulator-under-controlled-laboratory-conditions/3D0B9BED532DF0F78F6A5723D4F1D81B) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Photothermal trap utilizing solar illumination for ice mitigation](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6118412/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes - Beria - 2018 - WIREs Water - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wat2.1311) — unadjudicated literature lead.

074. N0007

Hypothesis: A porous floating raft could redistribute buoyancy after local wetting and thereby self-level.

Test: Wet one region and record tilt recovery.

Against: Wetting produces no restoring response.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Infiltration into an Analog Fracture: Experimental Observations of Gravity‐Driven Fingering - Nicholl - 2005 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0110) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Pore-level modeling of wetting | Phys. Rev. E](https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.6387) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental Study on Sloshing in Rectangular Tank with Vertical Porous Baffle -Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology | Korea Science](https://doi.org/10.5574/KSOE.2015.29.4.291) — unadjudicated literature lead.

075. N0010

Hypothesis: A geometric defect in a crystal could focus a reversible color change without changing average composition.

Test: Image spectral response near characterized defects.

Against: Color response remains spatially uniform.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Physical origin of coloration and radiation hardness of lead tungstate scintillation crystals - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022024806004660) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Reversible discoloration mechanism of irradiated blue cubic zirconia single crystals - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724001356) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Defect Structures in Colloidal Crystals and Their Effect on Grating Diffraction Structural Color | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.4c18558) — unadjudicated literature lead.

076. N0013

Hypothesis: A layered clay platelet could rotate toward a chemical gradient even without a measurable bulk current.

Test: Track isolated platelets alongside flow markers.

Against: Rotation disappears after flow correction.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Surface charge density and diffuse layer properties of highly defined 2:1 layered silicate platelets | Colloid and Polymer Science | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00396-020-04673-w) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Clay Science 26(1-2): 17-24 (2022)](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcssjclayscience/26/1-2/26_MS-21-13/_pdf/-char/ja) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Active structuring of colloidal armour on liquid drops | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3066) — unadjudicated literature lead.

077. N0015

Hypothesis: A rough ice-water boundary could transmit sound differently before and after incipient surface melting.

Test: Measure acoustic spectra during controlled warming.

Against: Spectra reveal no reproducible precursor.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Multi-modal and short-range transmission loss in thin, ice-covered, near-shore Arctic waters - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29857759/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Laboratory Measurements of Surface Wave Propagation through Ice Floes in Salt Water | MDPI](https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/10/1483) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Acoustical Reflection and Scattering from the Underside of Laboratory-Grown Sea Ice: Measurements and Predictions (Abstract) | Annals of Glaciology | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/acoustical-reflection-and-scattering-from-the-underside-of-laboratorygrown-sea-ice-measurements-and-predictions-abstract/A13073F1CF5F0F5566F4A342CC0DD9DB) — unadjudicated literature lead.

078. N0017

Hypothesis: A flexible solar absorber could passively turn away from excessive illumination through differential gas expansion.

Test: Measure orientation and absorbed power.

Against: Motion increases rather than limits absorption.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Self-regulated dual-mode solar energy harvesting | PNAS](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2534717123) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A flexible film to block solar radiation for daytime radiative cooling - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024821000726) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A systematic study of the residual gas effect on vacuum solar receiver - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S019689041100046X) — unadjudicated literature lead.

079. N0018

Hypothesis: A buried mineral lens could create a measurable surface thermal echo after a short rainfall analogue.

Test: Track temperature above controlled shallow lenses.

Against: Echo cannot distinguish lens presence.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Study on the temperature field and infrared characteristics of unsaturated soils with shallow buried objects at different depths - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1290072924004046) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Study on the temperature field and infrared characteristics of unsaturated soils with shallow buried objects at different depths - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1290072924004046) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Analysis of a thermal imaging method for landmine detection, using infrared heating of the sand surface - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350449505000848) — unadjudicated literature lead.

080. N0019

Hypothesis: A single soft inclusion could redirect a shear rupture before the crack reaches its immediate neighborhood.

Test: Image crack trajectories and strain fields.

Against: Deflection begins only at contact.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Localization of plastic zones in rocks around rigid inclusions: Insights from experimental and theoretical models - Misra - 2007 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006JB004328) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Properties of the shear stress peak radiated ahead of rapidly accelerating rupture fronts that mediate frictional slip | PNAS](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1517545113) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crack deflection in soft elastic materials - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013794426004777) — unadjudicated literature lead.

081. N0020

Hypothesis: A dew droplet could recover information about prior surface contamination through its early oscillation decay.

Test: Compare clean and reversibly contaminated substrates.

Against: Decay reflects only droplet size.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Physics - Surface Waves Store Bouncing Droplet’s History](https://physics.aps.org/articles/v9/101) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Determination of Interfacial Concentration of a Contaminated Droplet from Shape Oscillation Damping | Phys. Rev. Lett.](https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.194501) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Determination of Interfacial Concentration of a Contaminated Droplet from Shape Oscillation Damping.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32469589/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

082. N0024

Hypothesis: A nonbinding polymer could change mineral etch-pit shape through local viscosity gradients without adsorption.

Test: Measure viscosity, adsorption, and pit geometry.

Against: Pit changes require detectable adsorption.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [In-Situ Atomic Force Microscope Imaging of Calcite Etch Pit Morphology Changes in Undersaturated and 1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic Acid Poisoned Solutions - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4130234/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Alteration of trioctahedral micas in the presence of inorganic and organic acids - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLAY.2023.106923) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Thickness Dependent Effective Viscosity of a Polymer Solution near an Interface Probed by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Method](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4329548/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

083. N0026

Hypothesis: A porous insulator could cool faster after a pressure step because adsorbed gas temporarily redistributes heat.

Test: Measure temperature and gas uptake simultaneously.

Against: Thermal response follows compression alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Thermal transpiration measurements on a porous ceramic - Transactions of the Faraday Society (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/1966/TF/TF9666202395) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Thermodynamic Behaviors of Adsorbed Methane Storage Systems Based on Nanoporous Carbon Adsorbents Prepared from Coconut Shells](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7696552/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Demonstrating pressure-driven heating and cooling using a MOF-coated heat exchanger | npj Thermal Science and Engineering](https://www.nature.com/articles/s44435-026-00006-5) — unadjudicated literature lead.

084. N0029

Hypothesis: A wet mineral powder could retain a direction-dependent dielectric signal after a weak acoustic pulse.

Test: Measure directional dielectric relaxation.

Against: Signal vanishes with acoustic cessation.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Electromagnetic emissions from dry and wet granite associated with acoustic emissions - Yoshida - 2004 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2004JB003092) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Electromagnetic emissions from dry and wet granite associated with acoustic emissions - Yoshida - 2004 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004JB003092) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines - Topp - 1980 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/WR016i003p00574/pdf) — unadjudicated literature lead.

085. N0030

Hypothesis: A chemical oscillator could synchronize to a moving thermal boundary without synchronizing to uniform heating.

Test: Compare spatial and uniform thermal drives.

Against: Synchronization depends only on mean temperature.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Phase synchronization of baroclinic waves in a differentially heated rotating annulus experiment subject to periodic forcing with a variable duty cycle.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29289032/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Creation and perturbation of planar networks of chemical oscillators - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457659/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Spatially Organized Dynamical States in Chemical Oscillator Networks: Synchronization, Dynamical Differentiation, and Chimera Patterns | PLOS One](https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0080586) — unadjudicated literature lead.

086. N0032

Hypothesis: A translucent ceramic could expose grain-boundary opening through a change in speckle decorrelation times.

Test: Compare speckle with microscopic damage.

Against: Optical timing does not precede damage.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Transparency effects on powder speckle decorrelation.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19404352/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Transparent ceramics: Processing, materials and applications - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079678612000416) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Sintering aids, their role and behaviour in the production of transparent ceramics - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100137) — unadjudicated literature lead.

087. N0033

Hypothesis: A two-solvent gel could expel solvent selectively when bent because its components experience different binding changes.

Test: Measure released composition under bending.

Against: Composition matches passive evaporation controls.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Shear-induced solvent release from gel particles: application to drug-delivery systems.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12176236/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Shear-induced solvent release from gel particles: application to drug–delivery systems - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378517302001850) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Influence of solvent quality on the swelling and shear modulus of polymer gels chemically cross-linked in solution | MRS Advances | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1557/s43580-024-00829-w) — unadjudicated literature lead.

088. N0042

Hypothesis: A hydrated polymer knot could tighten under a concentration step while a straight strand simply contracts.

Test: Compare force and shape during solvent changes.

Against: Knot response follows uniform contraction entirely.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effects of knot tightness at the molecular level - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6377497/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Influence of a knot on the strength of a polymer strand | Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/19935) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Knots in Polymer Molecules Under Poiseuille Flow](https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9321/5/3/28) — unadjudicated literature lead.

089. N0051

Hypothesis: A perforated elastic ribbon could convert uniform swelling into a traveling bend rather than simultaneous deformation.

Test: Image onset times along the ribbon.

Against: Bending begins everywhere simultaneously.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Flow-induced deformation of kirigami sheets | Phys. Rev. Fluids](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.7.023906) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Aeroelastic deformation of a perforated strip | Phys. Rev. Fluids](https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.014003) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [<visual_element id="e1">](https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2019.0067) — unadjudicated literature lead.

090. N0052

Hypothesis: A sediment pore could preserve dissolved oxygen through local gas exsolution during sudden unloading.

Test: Measure oxygen around model unloading events.

Against: Oxygen remains unchanged after pressure correction.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Sediment Core Sectioning and Extraction of Pore Waters under Anoxic Conditions - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4828220/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Impact and recovery of pH in marine sediments subject to a temporary carbon dioxide leak - NERC Open Research Archive](https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/508625/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effect of Sediment Gas Voids and Ebullition on Benthic Solute Exchange | Environmental Science & Technology | ACS Publications](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01967) — unadjudicated literature lead.

091. N0053

Hypothesis: A transparent hydrogel could report local fracture energy through the spatial width of reversible optical whitening.

Test: Compare whitening with independently measured fracture work.

Against: Whitening width lacks predictive value.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Mechanically adaptive crack-resistant hydrogels based on strain-induced macroscopic phase separation and hierarchical energy dissipation](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13402717/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [ARTICLE IN PRESS](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-74084-y_reference.pdf) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Mechanically adaptive crack-resistant hydrogels based on strain-induced macroscopic phase separation and hierarchical energy dissipation | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-74084-y) — unadjudicated literature lead.

092. N0054

Hypothesis: A colloidal shell could release its contents preferentially through a pre-existing coordination defect under osmotic stress.

Test: Image shell defects and leakage locations.

Against: Leakage sites ignore coordination structure.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Physicochemical properties of aqueous core hydrogel capsules - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/SM/C4SM02012J) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Diffusion through colloidal shells under stress.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19658462/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Microballoons: Osmotically-inflated elastomer shells for ultrafast release of encapsulants and mechanical energy - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021979724008749) — unadjudicated literature lead.

093. N0055

Hypothesis: A compliant container could reduce crystal breakage during stirring by absorbing particle-wall collision energy selectively.

Test: Measure collision velocities and fragment production.

Against: Breakage reduction requires reduced mixing.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Crystal break-up in dilute turbulently agitated suspensions - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009250993850049) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Examination of Particle Behavior in Container on Multi-Particle Collision Damper](https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/3/3/242) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Particle Breakage: Limiting Conditions for Crystal–Crystallizer Collisions | Crystal Growth & Design | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.cgd.7b00125) — unadjudicated literature lead.

094. N0059

Hypothesis: A thin ice bridge could strengthen temporarily during warming if stress relaxation outpaces melt-induced weakening.

Test: Measure strength across warming rates.

Against: Strength decreases monotonically at all rates.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Relaxation of Flexure‐Induced Strengthening of Ice - Murdza - 2022 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2021GL096559) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Relaxation of Flexure‐Induced Strengthening of Ice - Murdza - 2022 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021GL096559) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Relaxation of Flexure‐Induced Strengthening of Ice - Murdza - 2022 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021GL096559) — unadjudicated literature lead.

095. N0062

Hypothesis: A mineral surface could retain a transient electric potential after a crack closes because opposing faces adsorb ions differently.

Test: Measure closure potential and surface chemistry.

Against: Potential vanishes with geometrical closure.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Self‐potential observations during hydraulic fracturing - Moore - 2007 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2006JB004373) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Electrostatic potential of specific mineral faces.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21650199/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Modulating Interfacial Energy Dissipation via Potential-Controlled Ion Trapping | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11264) — unadjudicated literature lead.

096. N0064

Hypothesis: A transparent gel could amplify weak magnetic-particle motion into visible birefringent halos without altering particle magnetization.

Test: Compare optical halos with tracked displacements.

Against: Halos require irreversible network damage.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Binding of biological effectors on magnetic nanoparticles measured by a magnetically induced transient birefringence experiment.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11909054/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Optically Active Birefringent Polymer–Lipid Hybrid Microparticles With Dual‐Stimuli Responsiveness - Okmen Altas - 2026 - Advanced Optical Materials - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adom.71587) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Cytoplasmic motions, rheology, and structure probed by a novel magnetic particle method.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4040136/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

097. N0068

Hypothesis: A porous crystal could release trapped molecules when acoustic strain briefly opens a cooperative pathway.

Test: Measure release synchronized with low-amplitude acoustic loading.

Against: Release follows temperature or irreversible cracking.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Onset of particle trapping and release via acoustic bubbles - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/lc/c5lc01420d) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Onset of particle trapping and release via acoustic bubbles.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26805706/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Acoustic trapping of active matter | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms10694) — unadjudicated literature lead.

098. N0070

Hypothesis: A low-density mineral flake could descend faster after mild illumination because asymmetric heating changes its orientation.

Test: Track orientation, temperature, and settling velocity.

Against: Speed changes occur without orientation changes.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Flow visualization using reflective flakes | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/flow-visualization-using-reflective-flakes/F0B9D0C9FCBE716EEECBF1C955F35CA5) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Emergent Spinning and Orbital Motion in Clustered Wind‐Assisted Flyers](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13355929/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [From Dawn till Dusk: How Light Reduces Martian Granular Slope Angles - IOPscience](https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ae2be7) — unadjudicated literature lead.

099. N0074

Hypothesis: A thin clay lining could prevent gas bubbles merging by maintaining separate hydrated contact patches.

Test: Compare merger rates with equal-wetting nonclay linings.

Against: Merger reduction follows wettability alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Gas Permeability of Partially Hydrated Geosynthetic Clay Liners | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering | Vol 130, No 1](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282004%29130%3A1%2893%29) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Gas Permeability of Partially Hydrated Geosynthetic Clay Liners | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering | Vol 130, No 1](https://doi.org/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282004%29130%3A1%2893%29) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Gas Permeability of Partially Hydrated Geosynthetic Clay Liners | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering | Vol 130, No 1](https://doi.org/10.1061/%28asce%291090-0241%282004%29130%3A1%2893%29) — unadjudicated literature lead.

100. N0077

Hypothesis: A seed-inspired capsule could open at a specific hydration integral rather than a specific instantaneous humidity.

Test: Compare histories with equal integrated uptake.

Against: Opening follows current moisture alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Integrating Moisture Sorption, Hygroscopic Kinetics, and Mechanical Analysis to Forecast Leakage and Shelf Life of Gelatin Soft Capsules](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13024795/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Honeycomb Actuators Inspired by the Unfolding of Ice Plant Seed Capsules - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5091791/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Hygroscopic Opening of Sesame Fruits Is Induced by a Functionally Graded Pericarp Architecture - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5056167/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

101. N0083

Hypothesis: A soft robot joint could self-limit torque through reversible solvent expulsion under overload.

Test: Measure torque, solvent flow, and recovery.

Against: Limiting requires permanent material damage.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [A hyperelastic torque-reversal mechanism for soft joints with compression-responsive transient bistability.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39879278/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Safety-enhanced control strategy of a power soft robot driven by hydraulic artificial muscles | ROBOMECH Journal | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40648-021-00194-5) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A variable-stiffness tendril-like soft robot based on reversible osmotic actuation | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08173-y) — unadjudicated literature lead.

102. N0086

Hypothesis: A brittle coating could fragment into a narrower size distribution when detached from a compliant substrate than from a rigid one.

Test: Measure fragment sizes at matched stored energy.

Against: Fragment spread remains unchanged.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Evaluation of interfacial stress transfer efficiency by coating fragmentation test - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167663607000294) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Evaluation of thin film adhesion to a compliant substrate by the analysis of progressive buckling in the fragmentation test - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040609008012911) — unadjudicated literature lead.

103. N0090

Hypothesis: A rotating mineral grain could generate a measurable ion-concentration wake through asymmetric dissolution.

Test: Image concentration around grains at controlled rotation.

Against: Wake follows fluid mixing without dissolution asymmetry.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Enhanced olivine dissolution in seawater through continuous grain collisions - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703723004349) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effects of Pore‐Scale Three‐Dimensional Flow and Fluid Inertia on Mineral Dissolution - Lee - 2025 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2024WR038176) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Mechanisms of mass transfer to small spheres sinking in turbulence | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.998) — unadjudicated literature lead.

104. N0091

Hypothesis: A flexible mesh could release trapped leaves or inert flakes through local inversion while retaining spherical particles.

Test: Measure release by particle shape at matched sizes.

Against: Release selectivity follows size alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Riparian vegetation as a natural barrier: experimental analysis of plastic particle retention in a vegetated reach - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765725000377) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Floating particle trapping and diffusion in vegetated open channel flow - Defina - 2010 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2010WR009353) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Riparian vegetation as a natural barrier: experimental analysis of plastic particle retention in a vegetated reach - ScienceDirect](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envadv.2025.100645) — unadjudicated literature lead.

105. N0093

Hypothesis: A layered polymer could convert a uniform pressure increase into opposite optical shifts at its two faces.

Test: Measure face-resolved spectra under reversible pressure.

Against: Both faces shift identically after temperature correction.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Enhanced laser emission in opposite handedness using a cholesteric polymer film stack.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19532588/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Optical Indicators based on Structural Colored Polymers - Foelen - 2022 - Advanced Science - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202200399) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Capillary‐Force‐Assisted Optical Tuning of Coupled Plasmons](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4768643/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

106. N0094

Hypothesis: A root-inspired porous sleeve could prevent soil analogue shrinkage from disconnecting its water supply.

Test: Image sleeve contacts and hydraulic continuity during drying.

Against: Supply fails at the same shrinkage threshold.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Root-soil contact for the desert succulent Agave deserti in wet and drying soil - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33863144/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [When Roots Lose Contact - Carminati - 2009 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2136/vzj2008.0147) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Root‐soil contact for the desert succulent Agave deserti in wet and drying soil - NORTH - 1997 - New Phytologist - Wiley Online Library](https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00620.x) — unadjudicated literature lead.

107. N0097

Hypothesis: A narrow elastic slit could sort capsules by permeability through their delayed recovery after passage.

Test: Track recovery and route choice for matched stiffness capsules.

Against: Sorting disappears after size correction.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Sorting of capsules according to their stiffness: from principle to application - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2021/sm/d0sm02249g) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Sorting of capsules according to their stiffness: from principle to application - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D0SM02249G](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2021/sm/d0sm02249g) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A microfluidic device to sort capsules by deformability: a numerical study - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/sm/c4sm01097c) — unadjudicated literature lead.

108. N0101

Hypothesis: Two ice grains could weld faster when their crystallographic axes mismatch moderately.

Test: Measure contact growth versus orientation.

Against: Growth lacks orientation dependence.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Movement of Grain Boundary in Sea Ice | Annals of Glaciology | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/movement-of-grain-boundary-in-sea-ice/C960A6623570BF3D169033F369B4DF4C) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Evolution of crystalline misorientations in polycrystalline samples of pure ice - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301010424000971) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Two-Dimensional Grain Growth in Ice | Journal of Glaciology | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/twodimensional-grain-growth-in-ice/AE49A6F83307F5FAD1E0BB3B14A49155) — unadjudicated literature lead.

109. N0102

Hypothesis: A buried gas lens could reverse the curvature of an advancing hydration front.

Test: Image fronts above artificial lenses.

Against: Curvature ignores lens presence.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Laboratory Strategies for Hydrate Formation in Fine‐Grained Sediments - Lei - 2018 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JB014624) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental Investigation of Gas Flow and Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone - Meyer - 2018 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018JB015748) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Gas–Water Two-Phase Flow Mechanisms in Deep Tight Gas Reservoirs: Insights from Nanofluidics - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12567002/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

110. N0103

Hypothesis: An oscillating leaf replica could harvest charge from contact-line motion without solid contact.

Test: Measure charge and droplet motion.

Against: Charge requires solid rubbing.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [A leaf-mimic rain energy harvester by liquid-solid contact electrification and piezoelectricity - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211285521008259) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Charge generation by passive plant leaf motion at low wind speeds: design and collective behavior of plant-hybrid energy harvesters.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38917810/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Wind dynamics and leaf motion: Approaching the design of high-tech devices for energy harvesting for operation on plant leaves - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9644130/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

111. N0105

Hypothesis: An optical vortex could rotate an absorbing flake differently before and after reversible hydration.

Test: Track torque at equal absorption.

Against: Torque follows absorption alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Microscale solute flow probed with rotating microbead trapped in optical vortex | Experiments in Fluids | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-021-03223-6) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Concentric ring optical traps for orbital rotation of particles - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11501139/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Reverse orbiting of microparticles in optical vortices.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16969390/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

112. N0107

Hypothesis: A soft cavity could trap a traveling deformation pulse and release it after unloading.

Test: Track strain and release timing.

Against: No delayed pulse emerges.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Large-scale acoustic single cell trapping and selective releasing‡ - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12335873/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Dynamic Response of a Deep Rock Mass under Transient Unloading: A Scale Model Experiment and Analytical Study | International Journal of Geomechanics | Vol 26, No 1](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-11964) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Onset of particle trapping and release via acoustic bubbles - Lab on a Chip (RSC Publishing)](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/lc/c5lc01420d) — unadjudicated literature lead.

113. N0110

Hypothesis: A reversible polymer aggregate could reject damaged chains during repeated disassembly.

Test: Track labeled intact and damaged chains.

Against: Partitioning ignores chain damage.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Recyclability of reversible polymer networks over a Dozen reprocessing cycles - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397626000304) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Elucidating pathways of polypropylene chain cleavage and stabilization for multiple loop mechanical recycling - Vacano - 2023 - Journal of Polymer Science - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pol.20230121) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Elucidating pathways of polypropylene chain cleavage and stabilization for multiple loop mechanical recycling - Vacano - 2023 - Journal of Polymer Science - Wiley Online Library](https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20230121) — unadjudicated literature lead.

114. N0111

Hypothesis: A thin water film could transport heat preferentially along aligned surface hydroxyl groups.

Test: Measure directional thermal response.

Against: Anisotropy follows topography only.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Tailoring Heat Transfer at Silica-Water Interfaces via Hydroxyl and Methyl Surface Groups - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41292181/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crystallization kinetics of thin water films on Pt(111): effects of oxygen and carbon-monoxide adspecies](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/cp/c8cp06438e) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Surface Hydroxylation-Induced Electrostatic Forces Thicken Water Films on Quartz - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11270996/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

115. N0114

Hypothesis: A drying biofilm analogue could preserve electrical connectivity through rotating conductive inclusions.

Test: Track orientation and conductivity.

Against: Connectivity ignores inclusion rotation.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effects of storage on mixed-culture biological electrodes | Scientific Reports](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep18433) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Reduction of biofilm accumulation by constant and alternating potentials in static and dynamic field experiments.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35240893/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Rotation Disk Process to Assess the Influence of Metals and Voltage on the Growth of Biofilm](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5456865/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

116. N0115

Hypothesis: A bubble necklace could transmit pressure signals while filtering dissolved-solute fluctuations.

Test: Measure pressure and tracer transmission.

Against: Both signals attenuate equally.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Rapidly dissolving polymeric microbubbles promote supersaturation and in-situ formation of acoustic nanobubbles capable of dynamic pressure sensing](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12590548/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental comparison between acoustic and pressure signals from a bubbling flow - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250908004521) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The dynamic response of a pressure transducer for measurements in water | Experiments in Fluids | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-024-03854-5) — unadjudicated literature lead.

117. N0118

Hypothesis: A mechanically frustrated ring could amplify a tiny temperature difference into directional rolling.

Test: Measure rolling under reversed gradients.

Against: Rolling does not reverse.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Emergent Locomotion in Self‐Sustained, Mechanically Connected Soft Matter Rings - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12232239/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Temperature control for thermomechanical ring rolling | Production Engineering | Springer Nature Link](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11740-023-01213-7) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Self‐Sustained Snapping Drives Autonomous Dancing and Motion in Free‐Standing Wavy Rings - Zhao - 2023 - Advanced Materials - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202207372) — unadjudicated literature lead.

118. N0119

Hypothesis: A soil analogue could preserve pore connectivity by distributing shrinkage into rotating rigid flakes.

Test: Image drying-induced pore topology.

Against: Flakes do not preserve connectivity.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effect of artificial soil compaction in landfill capping systems on anisotropy of air‐permeability - Beck-Broichsitter - 2020 - Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jpln.201900281) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Shrinkage Properties of Repacked Soil at Different States of Uniaxial Compression - Schäffer - 2013 - Soil Science Society of America Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2013.01.0035) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Simulated Preferential Water Flow and Solute Transport in Shrinking Soils - Coppola - 2015 - Vadose Zone Journal - Wiley Online Library](https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2136/vzj2015.02.0021) — unadjudicated literature lead.

119. N0120

Hypothesis: A fluorescent crystal could expose solvent exchange through moving dark domains before average emission changes.

Test: Track domains and solvent uptake.

Against: Domain changes follow average fading.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Time-dependent solid-state molecular motion and colour tuning of host-guest systems by organic solvents](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6946670/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Solvent-Fueled Anion Translocation in Crystalline Phosphonium Salt](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13632557/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Time-dependent solid-state molecular motion and colour tuning of host-guest systems by organic solvents | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13844-5) — unadjudicated literature lead.

120. N0122

Hypothesis: A moss cell wall could dissipate repeated bending through reversible ion exchange.

Test: Measure mechanics and ion release.

Against: Damping ignores exchange suppression.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Electrochemically induced chemomechanical bending of bilayered ion-exchange membranes - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738896002566) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Reversible and selective ion intercalation through the top surface of few-layer MoS2 | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07710-z) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Release of Small Polyuronides from Nitella Cell Walls during Ionic Exchange.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16653066/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

121. N0124

Hypothesis: A gel's fracture wake could retain higher permeability after visible crack closure.

Test: Measure local tracer diffusion.

Against: Permeability returns with closure.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Cyclic Permeability Evolution During Repose Then Reactivation of Fractures and Faults - Im - 2019 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JB017309) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Lost-Circulation-Control Gel for Fractured Formations](https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/12/8/702) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Permeability reduction in wide fractures: the use of fiber-gels - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025029706) — unadjudicated literature lead.

122. N0125

Hypothesis: A crystal-growth inhibitor could improve optical transparency by preventing trapped subcritical clusters.

Test: Measure transmission and inclusion density.

Against: Transparency tracks crystal size alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The mechanisms of crystal growth inhibition by organic and inorganic inhibitors - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29679006/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crystal growth inhibition by impurity stoppers, now - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024822003244) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Features of YAG crystal growth under Ar+CO reducing atmosphere - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024816302949) — unadjudicated literature lead.

123. N0126

Hypothesis: A brine pocket could migrate through ice toward lower cyclic stress rather than warmer regions.

Test: Track pockets under separated gradients.

Against: Migration follows temperature only.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Hydrohalite in cold sea ice: Laboratory observations of single crystals, surface accumulations, and migration rates under a temperature gradient, with application to “Snowball Earth” - Light - 2009 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2008JC005211) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Salt Chemistry Regulates Habitable Microenvironments in Brinicles: Implications for Icy Ocean Worlds - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13640899/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The influence of closed brine pockets and permeable brine channels on the thermo-elastic properties of saline ice - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5179960/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

124. N0127

Hypothesis: A compressible coating could convert turbulent pressure fluctuations into a steady solvent flux.

Test: Measure mean flux under zero-mean forcing.

Against: Flux vanishes after pressure-offset correction.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The response of an incompressible, viscoelastic coating to pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer | Journal of Fluid Mechanics | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/response-of-an-incompressible-viscoelastic-coating-to-pressure-fluctuations-in-a-turbulent-boundary-layer/80232C8DF2FFA2B3F53DBB540B215681) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Transmission of a turbulent boundary layer wall pressure field through an elastomeric coating - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029801812001072) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The generation of wave patterns on anisotropic coatings by pressure fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022460X9290679R) — unadjudicated literature lead.

125. N0129

Hypothesis: A granular arch could become stronger after a weak transverse impulse without increased packing.

Test: Measure arch strength and geometry.

Against: Strength changes require denser packing.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [An experimental investigation on stable arch formation in cohesionless granular materials using developed trapdoor test - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032591018301323) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Arches and contact forces in a granular pile.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22684490/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [An experimental investigation on stable arch formation in cohesionless granular materials using developed trapdoor test - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032591018301323) — unadjudicated literature lead.

126. N0131

Hypothesis: An air-water meniscus could suppress a nearby chemical oscillator through selective volatile removal.

Test: Compare oscillations with vapor-blocking controls.

Against: Suppression persists without volatile transport.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [The Effect of Air Bubbles and Headspace on the Aqueous Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Sampling Vials - Nadim - 2001 - Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation - Wiley Online Library](https://ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2001.tb00634.x) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Hydrocarbons in the Meniscus: Effects on Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10061924/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Effect of Air Bubbles and Headspace on the Aqueous Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Sampling Vials - Nadim - 2001 - Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation - Wiley Online Library](https://ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2001.tb00634.x) — unadjudicated literature lead.

127. N0133

Hypothesis: A charged mineral step could enrich neutral polar molecules through oriented hydration water.

Test: Measure enrichment with adsorption controls.

Against: Enrichment requires direct chemical binding.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Water Structuring Induces Nonuniversal Hydration Repulsion between Polar Surfaces: Quantitative Comparison between Molecular Simulations, Theory, and Experiments.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38578930/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Biological lipid hydration: distinct mechanisms of interfacial water alignment and charge screening for model lipid membranes - Faraday Discussions (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D3FD00117B](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2024/fd/d3fd00117b) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Charge Asymmetries in Hydration of Polar Solutes - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2745216/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

128. N0135

Hypothesis: A porous optical mirror could track salinity through opposite phase shifts at two incidence angles.

Test: Calibrate angular phase responses.

Against: Salinity remains confounded with temperature.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Resolution-enhanced heterodyne laser interferometer with differential configuration for roll angle measurement](https://doi.org/10.1364%2FOE.26.009634) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Salinity Sensing Characteristics Based on Optical Microfiber Coupler Interferometer](https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/7/3/77) — unadjudicated literature lead.

129. N0137

Hypothesis: An elastic inclusions network could suppress thermal crack avalanches by distributing stress over time.

Test: Record cracks and local relaxation.

Against: Avalanche size remains unchanged.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Breakdown of heterogeneous materials - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927025605003708) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Temporal changes in the mechanical properties of snow related to crack propagation after loading - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X18303306) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crack Propagation by Activated Avalanches during Creep and Fatigue from Elastic Interface Theory | Phys. Rev. Lett.](https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.098202) — unadjudicated literature lead.

130. N0139

Hypothesis: A snowflake-like collector could release captured fog when its wet mass detunes vibration.

Test: Track capture, resonance, and shedding.

Against: Shedding ignores resonance changes.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Active fog harvesting: Performance enhancement via mechanical vibration - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025046614) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Collection efficiency of fog events - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809517310219) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Fog collection with hairy wires - Feng - 2025 - Droplet - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/dro2.166) — unadjudicated literature lead.

131. N0141

Hypothesis: A mineral membrane could seal itself selectively where dissolved gas first escapes.

Test: Image precipitation and gas outlets.

Against: Sealing locations ignore gas escape.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Water as a gas separation membrane | Nature Communications](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70630-w) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Gas Seepage and Pockmark Formation From Subsurface Reservoirs: Insights From Table‐Top Experiments - Vaknin - 2024 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JB028255) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Metallic sealants increase flux and change selectivity in supported molten-salt membranes](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632589/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

132. N0142

Hypothesis: A stretched crystal could selectively admit one solvent conformer without changing chemical composition.

Test: Measure uptake under reversible strain.

Against: Conformer selectivity remains unchanged.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Abrupt and Reversible Stretching in an Azobenzene Single Crystal via Thermal Phase Transition - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12752656/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Switching of the solid-state guest selectivity: solvent-dependent selective guest inclusion in a crystalline macrocyclic boronic ester - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C5SC04766H](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/sc/c5sc04766h) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Conformational Selectivity and Evolution Affected by the Desolvation Process | Crystal Growth & Design | ACS Publications](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.cgd.1c01253) — unadjudicated literature lead.

133. N0143

Hypothesis: A granular lens could focus vibration more sharply after mild gravitational settling.

Test: Measure transmitted fields and contacts.

Against: Focusing tracks density alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Settling into dry granular media in different gravities - Altshuler - 2014 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014GL059229) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Granular convection and the Brazil nut effect in reduced gravity | Phys. Rev. E](https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.044201) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Density relaxation in a vibrated granular material](https://harvest.aps.org/v2/journals/articles/10.1103/PhysRevE.51.3957/fulltext) — unadjudicated literature lead.

134. N0144

Hypothesis: A hydrated fiber could transport a thermal pulse faster after torsion than after axial stretching.

Test: Compare thermal travel times.

Against: Changes follow cross-section alone.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Water imbibition and swelling of natural filaments: Hemp, jute, and flax – Auxetic, negative Poisson’s Ratio (NPR) materials - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926669025012488) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Microfluidic manipulation by spiral hollow-fibre actuators - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8921237/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Microfluidic manipulation by spiral hollow-fibre actuators | Nature Communications](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29088-9) — unadjudicated literature lead.

135. N0147

Hypothesis: A rough mineral wall could steer gas fingers through dissolution-induced smoothing of preferred paths.

Test: Image gas invasion and wall retreat.

Against: Paths remain fixed despite smoothing.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [A phase transition model for acid dissolution along a rough-walled carbonate fracture - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1365160924001473) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Transitions of Dissolution Patterns in Rough Fractures - Wang - 2022 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021WR030456) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effects and Mechanism of Gaseous Acid on Surface Microtopography of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42395970/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

136. N0148

Hypothesis: A reversible adhesive could become easier to detach after brief lateral cooling without bulk temperature change.

Test: Measure interface temperature and peel work.

Against: Peel work follows bulk temperature only.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [A Superstrong and Reversible Ionic Crystal-Based Adhesive Inspired by Ice Adhesion.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33527627/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Switchable Adhesion: On‐Demand Bonding and Debonding - Liu - 2022 - Advanced Science - Wiley Online Library](https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.202200264) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [A strain-reinforcing elastomer adhesive with superior adhesive strength and toughness - Materials Horizons (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D3MH00966A](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2023/mh/d3mh00966a) — unadjudicated literature lead.

137. N0151

Hypothesis: A polyelectrolyte could selectively release counterions during curvature changes without macroscopic swelling.

Test: Measure ions under controlled bending.

Against: Release requires bulk swelling.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Absorption/release of polyvalent metal ions by a polyelectrolyte gel - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9766250/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effects of continuous water flow on the swelling properties of polyelectrolyte hydrogels.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15254830/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Swelling enhancement of polyelectrolyte brushes induced by external ions - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24960144/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

138. N0154

Hypothesis: A mineral seed could reduce crystallization strain by imposing a rotating growth orientation.

Test: Measure stress and crystal texture.

Against: Stress follows grain size only.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Defects induced by seed orientation during quartz growth - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022024880903012) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Why Seeding Works When Nucleation Barriers Vanish.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42227764/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Rotation of Crystal Seed During Early Stages of Growth Reveals the Anisotropy of Glass Matrix.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41995130/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

139. N0156

Hypothesis: A gel containing inert lamellae could arrest a swelling shock without slowing equilibrium uptake.

Test: Image strain fronts and final hydration.

Against: Arrest requires reduced overall transport.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [THE SWELLING OF ISOELECTRIC GELATIN IN WATER : II. KINETICS.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19872370/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Constitutive equations for the kinetics of swelling of hydrogels - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167663616302332) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Hydrophobic anionic gel beads for swelling-controlled drug delivery.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1553341/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

140. N0157

Hypothesis: A hollow grain could emit an acoustic warning before its shell collapses under compression.

Test: Track resonances and collapse load.

Against: Warning appears only after cracking.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Experimental Investigation and Discrete Element Modelling of Composite Hollow Spheres Subjected to Dynamic Fracture - Coré - 2017 - International Journal of Polymer Science - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2017/7638482) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Predicting failure: acoustic emission of berlinite under compression - IOPscience](https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/27/275401) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Simulation Study of the Mechanical Properties of Hollow Rock Masses under Varying Aperture Angles and Confining Pressures | International Journal of Geomechanics | Vol 26, No 3](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-11446) — unadjudicated literature lead.

141. N0159

Hypothesis: A water-filled crack could transmit shear through temporary ice filaments above bulk freezing temperature under confinement.

Test: Measure temperature and shear response.

Against: No independently verified filaments appear.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [TC - Processes influencing heat transfer in the near-surface ice of Greenland's ablation zone](https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/12/3215/2018/tc-12-3215-2018.html) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [ACP - Review of experimental studies of secondary ice production](https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/11767/2020/acp-20-11767-2020.html) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The effect of confinement on the brittle compressive fracture of ice | Annals of Glaciology | Cambridge Core](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/annals-of-glaciology/article/effect-of-confinement-on-the-brittle-compressive-fracture-of-ice/6B694E3C897ABA14AD94ADFDF4AE11C3) — unadjudicated literature lead.

142. N0162

Hypothesis: A mineral aggregate could mechanically soften before dissolving appreciably as hydrated contacts detach.

Test: Measure modulus and released ions.

Against: Softening tracks bulk mass loss.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Chemo-Mechanical Couplings at Granular Contact: The Effect of Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation across the Scales | MDPI](https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7094/2/1/7) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Experimental calcite dissolution under stress: Evolution of grain contact microstructure during pressure solution creep - Croizé - 2010 - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010JB000869) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Toward the Understanding of Stress-Induced Mineral Dissolution via Molecular Scale Simulations | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06300) — unadjudicated literature lead.

143. N0755

Hypothesis: A physical network could reconstruct missing boundary measurements by enforcing local energy balance.

Test: Withhold calibrated sensor channels.

Against: Reconstruction fails held-out conditions.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Physically informed data-driven identification of district heating network under missing node measurements: A virtual-node-based method - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474034626007056) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Virtual sensing to enable real-time monitoring of inaccessible locations & unmeasurable parameters](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13683354/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Inferring power-grid topology in the face of uncertainties - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30110818/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

144. N1314

Hypothesis: A dissolving sugar crystal could reveal local stagnant zones through the orientation of surviving ridges.

Test: Map flow and ridge geometry.

Against: Ridges follow crystal axes only.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Growth mechanism of sucrose in pure solutions and in the presence of glucose and fructose - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024800005947) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Plumes of settling and dissolving sugar grains](https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/ea7ebe06-2916-46d9-ae9b-43a51c56e2f5) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Dissolution-driven propulsion of floating solids | PNAS](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301947120) — unadjudicated literature lead.

145. N1330

Hypothesis: A thin clay film could redistribute fine particles toward developing cracks before they become optically visible.

Test: Track particles and crack onset.

Against: Particles move only after opening.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effects of substrate on cracking patterns and dynamics in desiccating clay layers - DeCarlo - 2014 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2013WR014466) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Effects of substrate on cracking patterns and dynamics in desiccating clay layers - DeCarlo - 2014 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013WR014466) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Crack patterns over uneven substrates - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C5SM02389K](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/sm/c5sm02389k) — unadjudicated literature lead.

146. N1345

Hypothesis: A polymer film could resist edge tearing by generating a local compressive wrinkle ahead of the crack.

Test: Measure strain and crack speed.

Against: Wrinkle formation accelerates tearing.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Localization of wrinkle patterns by crack-tip induced plasticity: Experiments and simulations - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020768319302811) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Wrinkled stripes localized by cracks in metal films deposited on soft substrates.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25643145/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Evolution of wrinkles with spiral crack on stiff film/compliant substrate under controllable micro-probe loading - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169433218313795) — unadjudicated literature lead.

147. N1388

Hypothesis: A porous wick could distinguish a blocked outlet from an empty inlet through opposite moisture-front recoil.

Test: Introduce both faults independently.

Against: Recoil signatures remain identical.

Resources: modest bench with calibrated imaging or sensing.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Effects of Gravity and Inlet/Outlet Location on a Two‐Phase Cocurrent Imbibition in Porous Media - El-Amin - 2011 - Journal of Applied Mathematics - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2011/673523) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Permeability of Screen Wicks](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmeb1988/34/2/34_2_212/_article/-char/ja/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [The Impact of Vapor Blockage on the Outflow Rate of Screen Channel Liquid Acquisition Devices - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8880100/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

148. N1410

Hypothesis: A porous stone analogue could record the order of two benign solutes through where each later crystallizes.

Test: Reverse delivery order.

Against: Deposits encode composition only.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Crystallization and layering induced by heating a reactive porous medium - Hallworth - 2004 - Geophysical Research Letters - Wiley Online Library](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2004gl019950) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Role of pore structure in salt crystallisation in unsaturated porous stone - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024803017536) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Direct Characterization of Free Solutal Convection in Porous Rocks for CO2 Storage Applications - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11912324/) — unadjudicated literature lead.

149. N1415

Hypothesis: A porous optical film could detect two separate wetting events even after complete apparent drying between them.

Test: Track spectra and residual structure.

Against: Second response matches the first entirely.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Formation of a hard surface layer during drying of a heated porous media - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7046278/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Porous Polymers with Switchable Optical Transmittance for Optical and Thermal Regulation - ScienceDirect](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2542435119304763) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [1/λ4 scattering of light during the drying process in porous Vycor glass with nano-sized pores](https://doi.org/10.1364/josaa.30.000154) — unadjudicated literature lead.

150. N0751

Hypothesis: A mechanical differentiator could detect rapid chemical changes through the mismatch of two swelling pathways.

Test: Apply concentration ramps.

Against: Output follows concentration rather than rate.

Resources: instrumented bench or workshop.

Research status: Related source leads returned; exact-claim overlap unresolved. Unverified; no exhaustive full-text or patent review.

First gate: Specify one measurable outcome and the closest alternative explanation; validate materials and instrument resolution before confirmation.

- [Delayed Mechanical Response to Chemical Kinetics in Self-Oscillating Hydrogels Driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8411808/) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Coupled instabilities of surface crease and bulk bending during fast free swelling of hydrogels - Soft Matter (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C6SM00578K](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2016/sm/c6sm00578k) — unadjudicated literature lead.
- [Delayed Mechanical Response to Chemical Kinetics in Self-Oscillating Hydrogels Driven by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky Reaction | Macromolecules | ACS Publications](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00402) — unadjudicated literature lead.

